Self-Regulated Strategy Development Research Articles

Middle school educators’ experiences in a cross-institutional professional development model for enhancing writing instruction

PurposeThis paper explores a five-year case example of two educators engaged in practice-based professional development (PBPD) for the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model in a middle school. It examines the transformative effects and challenges of improving writing instruction, the activities involved and alternative PBPD delivery methods. Highlighting a collaborative effort between an institute of higher education (IHE), a middle school and ThinkSRSD, a PBPD for SRSD developer, the example underscores the long-term benefits and innovative insights into engaging with PBPD for SRSD over multiple years.Design/methodology/approachThe case involves analyzing survey data collected over five years. These surveys, which included specific SRSD-related queries and open-ended questions, were instrumental in assessing the evolution of the educators’ perceptions regarding SRSD and their engagement with PBPD. Additionally, the paper details PBPD activities as documented in a research journal, providing a comprehensive account of the developmental process.FindingsThrough a cross-institutional partnership, two middle school general educators participated in PBPD for SRSD for 30 h across five years. Their engagement with PBPD progressed from initial introduction and implementation to facilitating PBPD for SRSD among peers and at the national level. Over time, the most consistently enacted SRSD action was “memorize it,” while actions such as “discuss it,” “support it” and “independent performance” showed greater variability. Both educators consistently praised SRSD and sought continued PBPD engagement over the five years.Originality/valueOur case example is the first five-year analysis of PBPD for SRSD among general middle school educators, highlighting the benefits and challenges of adopting evidence-based writing instruction. Our example emphasizes the need for continuous and focused professional development in areas crucial for student success, including self-regulation, prewriting strategies and techniques for fostering independent performance. Moreover, the two middle school educators’ critical feedback is invaluable for refining PBPD for SRSD. This work also enriches professional development schools (PDS) literature by offering effective strategies to support middle school teachers in developing a vibrant writing community, a cornerstone for student advancement in writing.

“Breathe, Plan, Write, and Evaluate”: the effects of an SRSD intervention and instructional feedback on 4th graders’ writing and motivation

IntroductionOver the years, extensive literature attested to the value of the Self-Regulation Strategy Development model (SRSD) for writing. Additionally, feedback has been recognized as essential to the teaching and learning of writing, and as supporting evidence-based instructional models for writing. However, little is known of the effects of combining evidence-based practice models, such as SRSD, with instructional feedback, as well as with a component of meditation. The present study aimed to study the effects of an SRSD intervention and to study the importance of instructional feedback within an SRSD intervention.MethodA total of 69 primary students (4th graders) participated in this study. The study was divided into two phases: in Phase 1, two classes participated in a SRSD intervention program (SRSD-1 group; N = 33), whereas two others received regular writing instruction (control group; N = 36); in Phase 2, the previous control group received the SRSD intervention with or without instructional feedback (SRSD-2 with feedback, N = 19, vs. SRSD-2 without feedback, N = 17, groups), while the SRSD received regular writing instruction (SRSD-1 group).ResultsThe effectiveness of the intervention was confirmed in both phases for the writing outcomes variables, but not for motivation. Overall, our study showed that the SRSD intervention with an additional meditation component was effective in improving students’ writing planning for all intervention participants. Additionally, writing quality and writing structure improved among those with lower scores at the pretest. Concerning motivation, we only found an effect on self-efficacy for ideation.DiscussionWe expect the current research to stimulate future examinations of the value of providing students with instructional feedback in writing interventions.

Öz Düzenlemeli Strateji Gelişimi Öğretim Modelinin Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının Hikâye Edici Metinleri Özetleme Becerilerine Etkisi

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Öz Düzenlemeli Strateji Gelişimi öğretim modeliyle Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarına verilen özetleme stratejileri öğretiminin, öğretmen adaylarının hikâye edici metinleri özetleme becerilerine etkisini incelemektir. Nicel bir araştırma olan çalışmada ön test-son test kontrol gruplu desenden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı üçüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören 48 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırma; deney grubunda 24, kontrol grubunda 24 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 48 katılımcıyla yürütülmüştür. Eğitim süreci boyunca deney grubunda yer alan öğretmen adaylarına Öz Düzenlemeli Strateji Gelişimi öğretim modeliyle özetleme stratejileri öğretimi yapılırken kontrol grubundaki öğretmen adaylarına yönelik herhangi bir uygulama gerçekleştirilmemiştir. Uygulama 8 hafta, 16 ders sürmüştür. Deney ve kontrol grubunda yer alan öğretmen adaylarının özetleme stratejilerini kullanma becerilerini ölçen ön test ve son testler, dereceli puanlama anahtarı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler Bağımsız Gruplar t-Testi, Mann-Whitney U Testi ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Öz Düzenlemeli Strateji Gelişimi öğretim modeliyle özetleme stratejileri öğretiminin, öğretmen adaylarının hikâye edici metinleri özetleme becerilerini geliştirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Instructional Coaches in Elementary Settings: Writing the Wave to Success with Self-Regulated Strategy Development for the Informational Genre

Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is an evidence-based practice for writing that is effective in improving the writing performance of elementary students with learning disabilities and the broader student population. In this manuscript, we provide guidance for elementary instructional coaches in facilitating a schoolwide adoption of SRSD for writing instruction. We outline the steps for instructional coaches to conduct practice-based professional development and then discuss ways instructional coaches can support teachers and oversee schoolwide SRSD implementation. Finally, we present ways that instructional coaches can be a valuable resource for teachers in differentiating SRSD instruction to meet students’ needs and to track students’ growth. By fostering a schoolwide implementation, coaches can harness the power of additive knowledge, increase teacher knowledge of evidence-based pedagogical practices, and increase the writing skills of all students, including those with learning disabilities.

내러티브치료 기반 자기조절전략개발(SRSD-NT) 훈련이 쓰기부진아의 쓰기 역량과 자아존중감 및 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향

This study aims to verify the effects of narrative therapy-based Self-Regulation Strategy Development (SRSD-NT) training on the writing competence, self-esteem, and subjective well-being of writing-underachieved children. A total of 18 students (9 males and 9 females) in grades 5 and 6 at D Elementary School were selected as participants through a series of screening tests. Six children each were assigned to the experimental, comparison, and control groups through randomization, and the children in the experimental and comparison groups were given 10 sessions of training for 80 minutes once a week. The treatment was SRSD-NT training for the experimental group, standard SRSD training for the comparison group, and no treatment for the control group. To verify the effectiveness of the training, pre-post and delayed tests were conducted and repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. Results SRSD-NT training had a positive and sustained effect on improving writing-underachieved children’s writing skills, self-esteem, and subjective well-being. This study shows that SRSD-NT training is as effective as standard SRSD training in improving writing-underachieved children’s writing skills and is more effective than standard SRSD training in improving writing-underachieved children’s self-esteem and subjective well-being.

THE EFFECTS OF SRSD WITH MNEMONIC TRAP ON EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION SKILL

This paper examines the impact of a Self-Regulated Strategy Development using the mnemonic TRAP on the teaching of English reading comprehension skills. The primary goal of the research is to figure out whether: 1) SRSD with mnemonic TRAP is insightful in enhancing students' reading comprehension skills, and 2) the effects size of SRSD with mnemonic TRAP on students' reading comprehension skills. The research utilizes a quasi-experimental design using a pretest and posttest control group design. As of now, the research has been conducted on fifth semester college students in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia. This research involves 70 students, with 35 assigned to the experimental group obtaining SRSD with the mnemonic TRAP and 35 assigned to the control group obtaining the RAP method - common strategy. There are significance differences in reading comprehension between students taught using SRSD with the mnemonic TRAP and those taught using the RAP strategy, confirming the results of a paired sample t-test. Students' reading comprehension improves significantly after utilizing the SRSD with the mnemonic TRAP, with an 80% contribution. 

Self-Regulated Strategy Development: Connecting Persuasive Writing to Self-Determination for Youth in Juvenile Justice Facilities

Youth with and at risk for disabilities served in alternative education settings frequently struggle with the writing process, which impedes their ability to communicate ideas and opinions with others. Providing explicit teaching of a writing strategy is necessary for this population of youth. This study examined the effects of self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) with self-determination skills on self-advocacy-focused writing probes (e.g., persuasive) for adolescent female youth in a juvenile justice setting. Emphasis was placed on teaching youth how to use persuasive writing as a tool to self-advocate for things they want or need. The SRSD instructional approach was investigated using a multiple-probe-across-participants design to evaluate the effects. Visual analyses indicated a functional relation between SRSD with self-determination instruction and youth’s writing skills. All youth demonstrated an increase in organizational quality and self-advocacy in writing from baseline to independent practice. Limitations to the current study and future directions are discussed.

Speaking Up: Infusing Self-Determination Within Writing Instruction to Amplify the Voice of Students With EBD

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often struggle to apply self-determination skills. Teaching self-determination skills within the context of writing allows students to amplify their voice and communicate with others. This article describes how writing instruction and lessons on self-determination skills may be combined to improve the trajectory of students with EBD using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) instructional approach. Special considerations for implementing SRSD with self-determination for students in restrictive education settings are discussed.

The Effects of Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) Instruction on EFL Learners’ Autonomy and Writing Proficiency

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) instruction on learners’ autonomy and writing proficiency in a university-level English program in Indonesia. Two intact classes of English students were involved in the study. They were in their second semester learning English Writing, a compulsory topic in their department. Within one semester, participants in the experiment group were trained with SRSD to improve their autonomous learning and writing proficiency. A comparison group learning the same topic without the SRSD training was also assigned. Data were gathered in two ways: a questionnaire for assessing learners’ autonomy and pretest and posttest writing tasks for assessing writing proficiency. Jamovi Software, an open-access statistical tool, was used to analyse the data. The results showed that the experiment groups' learning autonomy and writing proficiency improved significantly and outperformed the control group. The effect sizes of the analysis ranged from medium to large. The study’s results contribute to research and practice on EFL learners’ autonomy and writing development by strengthening claims regarding the relationship between SRSD instruction, autonomy, and writing proficiency.

Effects of SRSD With Social Skills Prompts on the Writing Skills and Problem Behaviors of Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Teachers of students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often struggle with simultaneously meeting students’ writing and behavioral needs. Building on existing Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) literature, this study investigated the collateral effects of SRSD with social skills prompts on the writing outcomes and problem behavior of students with EBD. In a multiple probe across participants design study, we taught three upper elementary students with EBD opinion writing using the SRSD instructional framework. Outcome measures included the number of genre elements in participants’ written products, the length (i.e., total words written) and quality of written products, and the level of problem behaviors during 20-min observational sessions. Generalization measure involved the use of video prompts to determine the effects of SRSD on students’ overall writing outcomes. Post-SRSD data showed clear increases in the number of genre elements and length of written products for all participants. Additional holistic scoring revealed moderate improvements in the overall quality of written products across participants. Results on students’ problem behavior reduction were inconclusive. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Improving the Students’ Writing Recount Text Ability by Using Think Talk Write and Self-Regulated Strategy Development

Based on research conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Alasa, researchers found that there were several problems in learning to write English faced by students at SMA Negeri 2 Alasa. Students often have difficulty composing a paragraph by writing down their own ideas. Therefore, researchers conducted research entitled "Improving the students' writing recount text ability by using Think Talk Write and Self-Regulated Strategy Development at the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 2 Alasa North Nias". This research aims to observe the improvement of students' writing skills using Think Talk Write and Self-Regulated Strategy Development, whether there was an improvement in learning outcomes and what strategies were more effectively used between the two strategies. In this research, researcher used classroom action research which is applies treatments to improve learning outcomes that are better than before. From this research, the average pre-test score for class XI-IPS was 52.14% and class XI-IPA was 42.86%. After being given Think Talk Write strategy treatment in class XI-IPS, the average post-test score was 72.35% and in class XI-IPA using Self-Regulated Strategy Development with an average score of 73.57%. From these score, it can be seen that there has been a significant improvement in students' writing abilities, namely 20.21% in class XI-IPS and class XI-IPA 30.71%. Thus, it is concluded that using Think Talk Write and Self-Regulated Strategy Development can improve students' ability in writing recount texts and in this research Self-Regulated Strategy Development is more effective than Think Talk Write strategy.

Rock out the Rubric: Self-Regulated Strategy Development to Revise Science Writing

Co-teaching teams of special educators and science educators can collaboratively plan and implement the Rock Out the Rubric revising strategy to improve students’ writing in science class. The strategy is implemented as part of the evidence-based writing practice of Self-regulated Strategy Development (SRSD). In this article, first we describe how secondary students with exceptionalities struggle with discipline-specific elements of writing in science class. Then, we briefly review how teachers can use primary-trait rubrics to develop students’ self-regulation, to monitor students’ progress with writing processes and products, and to focus teacher-student and peer conferences as part of the revising phase of writing-to-learn instruction in inclusive secondary science classrooms. Step-by-step instructions are provided for implementing the Rock Out the Rubric strategy.

The Effects of Self-Regulated Strategy Development on Writing Skill and Self-Regulated Learning of Thai High School Students

This study was conducted to examine the effects of self-regulated strategy development, an intervention designed to teach writing skills through six steps and four self-regulation skills, on academic English writing skills and self-regulated learning. Additionally, the aim is also to investigate attitudes towards the instruction. Mastering the skills of writing is a challenging task since it requires several integrated skills. There exist several complex difficulties in, for example, creating content, organizing structure, applying writing mechanics, and completing the revision process. Thus, the essential factor is writing instruction which helps learners improve their writing skills. The participants were eleven pre-intermediate students at a senior high school in Thailand who were explicitly taught by self-regulated strategy development instruction in a process consisting of six recursive stages and four self-regulation skill stages. To gather quantitative data, a pretest and posttest were employed. Moreover, to obtain qualitative data regarding the students’ attitudes toward the instruction, a semi-structured interview was used. The findings revealed that the academic writing ability and self-regulation skills of Thai high school students can be enhanced by self-regulated strategy development and that students show positive attitudes towards this type of instruction.

SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT ON ENHANCING STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS

This conceptual paper explores the importance of self-regulated learning strategy development in enhancing students' reading comprehension skills. It presents an overview of empirical research conducted in this area, emphasizing the impact of metacognitive self-regulated strategies on students' comprehension, engagement, and overall academic success. The paper discusses the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model as a framework for implementing self-regulated learning strategies in reading instruction. The six stages of SRSD, including developing background knowledge, discussing, and modeling the strategy, memorizing it, supporting its use, and establishing independent practice, are outlined as a comprehensive approach to fostering metacognitive awareness and self-regulation in reading. This paper underscores the importance of incorporating self-regulated learning strategies into reading comprehension to empower students as independent, metacognitive readers. By equipping students with cognitive and metacognitive tools, educators can foster a lifelong love for reading and enhance students' comprehension abilities, leading to academic success and continued growth as self-regulated learners.

자기조절 전략교수가 수학학습장애 위험아동의 수학 문장제 문제해결에 미치는 효과

자기조절 전략교수가 수학학습장애 위험아동의 수학 문장제 문제해결에 미치는 효과

Effects of SRSD writing interventions in grade 3: examining the added value of attention vs. transcription training components

AbstractChildren’s writing depends on strategic and self-regulated behaviors as well as on attention and transcription skills. Despite the well-established effectiveness of interventions based on the self-regulated strategy development model (SRSD), little is known about their effects when combined with the explicit teaching and systematic training of attention or transcription. This study compared the effects of SRSD interventions that taught students a planning strategy and how to use it compose text, with additional components of attention (via focused meditation exercises) or transcription (via copy and alphabet exercises). We used a quasi-experimental design with three groups of Portuguese third graders: SRSD + attention (n = 42), SRSD + transcription (n = 37), and wait list (n = 34). Measures of transcription, executive functions, motivation, written production, and academic achievement were collected before and after the interventions. Analyses of co-variance revealed that the SRSD + transcription group surpassed the others in terms of handwriting fluency as well as in terms of spelling accuracy, though only among the weakest spellers at pretest. Moreover, in comparison to the wait list group, both SRSD groups showed better planning skills, wrote more complete texts, and displayed better executive functioning at posttest. After the intervention, though the SRSD + transcription group produced better texts than their peers, the SRSD + attention group achieved better academic performance, but only among those with poorer grades at pretest. Regarding motivation, we only found an effect of the SRSD + transcription intervention on self-efficacy for ideation, among students with lower self-efficacy at pretest. These findings suggest the importance of articulating writing and self-regulation strategies with attention and transcription training in early schooling.

Teaching argument writing in math class: challenges and solutions to improve the performance of 4th and 5th graders with disabilities.

Incorporating argument writing as a learning activity has been found to increase students' mathematics performance. However, teachers report receiving little to no preservice or inservice preparation to use writing to support students' learning. This is especially concerning for special education teachers who provide highly specialized mathematics instruction (i.e., Tier 3) to students with mathematics disabilities (MLD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of teachers providing content-focused open-ended questioning strategies, which included both argument writing and foundational fraction content, using Practice-Based Professional Development (PBPD) and Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) for implementing a writing-to-learn strategy called FACT-R2C2. We report the relative number of higher-order mathematical content questions that teachers asked during instruction, from among three different-level question types: Level 1: yes/no questions focused on the mathematics content; Level 2: one-word responses focused on the mathematics content; and Level 3: higher-order open-ended responses centered around four mathematical practices from the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. Within a well-controlled single-case multiple-baseline design, seven special education teachers were randomly assigned to each PBPD + FACT-R2C2 intervention tier. Results indicated that: (1) teachers' relative use of Level 3 questions increased following the introduction of the FACT intervention; (2) this increase was apart from the professional development training that the teachers had initially received; and (3) students' writing quality improved to some extent with the increase in teachers' relative use of Level 3 questions. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Self-Regulated Strategy Development for Algebra Problem Solving

In the era of 21st century learning, many secondary students with learning disabilities continue to struggle with mathematics problem solving. Emerging evidence suggests self-regulated strategy development can be combined with existing evidence-based and promising practices during mathematics instruction. These practices include explicit instruction, metacognition, use of visual representations, ongoing formative assessment and feedback, multiple examples, and self-regulation. We describe the promising and practical potential of SRSD and STAR, a research-based, metacognitive problem-solving strategy, for instruction in algebraic problem-solving. A practical example is provided to illustrate the combination of practices.

Self-regulated strategy development: A technique in improving the English writing performance of senior high school online learners in Bulihan Integrated National High School

Self-regulated strategy development: A technique in improving the English writing performance of senior high school online learners in Bulihan Integrated National High School

Improving Informative Writing in Inclusive and Linguistically-Diverse Elementary Classes through Self-Regulated Strategy Development

ABSTRACT Developing informative writing skills at the elementary level is critical for long-term academic and personal success. This study investigated impacts of a schoolwide implementation of Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) in inclusive classes to improve elementary students’ informative writing and teachers’ efficacy and perceptions of teaching SRSD for writing. Eighteen kindergarten through fifth-grade teachers participated in professional development and implemented SRSD with 276 students. Multilevel modeling was used to examine how students’ improvement in writing performance varied by their gender, classification (general education – receiving no additional services, receiving special education services, English Learners [ELs], and special education and EL), and number of lessons received. Student writing was scored for genre elements, holistic quality, total words written, and transition words. Results demonstrate that students in all grades improved on all measures. Gain scores of informative genre elements, holistic quality, and transition words remained significant even after controlling for student gender, classification, and the number of lessons received. In addition, teachers reported feeling more confident and skillful in teaching writing through SRSD.